1 00:00:03,830 --> 00:00:02,550 hi everyone my name is city and i'm a 2 00:00:05,190 --> 00:00:03,840 rising 8th grader from wayne 3 00:00:07,269 --> 00:00:05,200 pennsylvania 4 00:00:09,190 --> 00:00:07,279 last year i was a part of nasa girls 5 00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:09,200 program where nasa provides a mentor to 6 00:00:12,629 --> 00:00:10,320 work with me 7 00:00:14,870 --> 00:00:12,639 my sister and i had the chance to to do 8 00:00:17,349 --> 00:00:14,880 different activities with nasa engineer 9 00:00:19,269 --> 00:00:17,359 and i was really inspired by it i am so 10 00:00:21,029 --> 00:00:19,279 excited to moderate this panel today so 11 00:00:23,590 --> 00:00:21,039 let me tell you who we have with us to 12 00:00:26,070 --> 00:00:23,600 celebrate the legacy of dr sally ride 13 00:00:27,509 --> 00:00:26,080 the first american woman in face 14 00:00:29,669 --> 00:00:27,519 when i see your name please take a 15 00:00:32,389 --> 00:00:29,679 moment to introduce yourself 16 00:00:37,750 --> 00:00:32,399 dr karen flammer co-founder of sally 17 00:00:41,190 --> 00:00:38,709 hi 18 00:00:45,270 --> 00:00:41,200 my name is karen flammer i'm honored to 19 00:00:50,389 --> 00:00:47,110 miss lori garver the deputy 20 00:00:52,869 --> 00:00:50,399 administrator of nasa 21 00:00:56,069 --> 00:00:52,879 hi everybody i'm lori garver deputy 22 00:00:58,709 --> 00:00:56,079 administrator of nasa and i am here 23 00:01:01,270 --> 00:00:58,719 because of sally in so many ways so it's 24 00:01:03,670 --> 00:01:01,280 an honor to participate 25 00:01:06,149 --> 00:01:03,680 dr katie coleman nasa astronaut and 26 00:01:08,469 --> 00:01:06,159 chemist 27 00:01:10,230 --> 00:01:08,479 well meeting sally inspired me to be an 28 00:01:12,950 --> 00:01:10,240 astronaut so there's no place i'd rather 29 00:01:16,149 --> 00:01:12,960 be today 30 00:01:19,670 --> 00:01:16,159 dr amber strawn nasa astrophysicist and 31 00:01:21,510 --> 00:01:19,680 james webb space telescope scientist 32 00:01:23,109 --> 00:01:21,520 hi i'm so glad to be with all of you 33 00:01:24,950 --> 00:01:23,119 today i'm really honored to be on this 34 00:01:27,030 --> 00:01:24,960 panel and excited to talk about some of 35 00:01:29,749 --> 00:01:27,040 the influence that sally's had in my 36 00:01:33,270 --> 00:01:29,759 life and in all of our lives 37 00:01:35,749 --> 00:01:33,280 and dr mumta patel nagaraj international 38 00:01:38,630 --> 00:01:35,759 space station engineer and scientist and 39 00:01:40,789 --> 00:01:38,640 woman at nasa project manager 40 00:01:42,789 --> 00:01:40,799 hi i too just like the the rest of the 41 00:01:45,510 --> 00:01:42,799 panel i'm excited to be here i grew up 42 00:01:46,630 --> 00:01:45,520 admiring dr sally wright and i can't 43 00:01:48,310 --> 00:01:46,640 wait to have this discussion with 44 00:01:50,389 --> 00:01:48,320 everybody 45 00:01:52,310 --> 00:01:50,399 thank you ladies for being here with us 46 00:01:54,310 --> 00:01:52,320 today and i'm so excited to have a 47 00:01:57,749 --> 00:01:54,320 conversation with you about science 48 00:02:00,149 --> 00:01:57,759 technology engineering and math or stem 49 00:02:01,990 --> 00:02:00,159 before we begin let me remind our online 50 00:02:03,670 --> 00:02:02,000 audience that you can send questions 51 00:02:06,870 --> 00:02:03,680 using the twitter hashtags 52 00:02:09,029 --> 00:02:06,880 celebratesally and askness 53 00:02:10,710 --> 00:02:09,039 ok so let me start with a question for 54 00:02:13,030 --> 00:02:10,720 anyone on the panel 55 00:02:18,309 --> 00:02:13,040 did dr ride influence any of you when 56 00:02:22,949 --> 00:02:20,790 i don't know i'll i'll start both katie 57 00:02:26,229 --> 00:02:22,959 and i even even have talked about this 58 00:02:29,030 --> 00:02:26,239 together i was a um in college when 59 00:02:31,509 --> 00:02:29,040 sally flew she was of course dr raj me 60 00:02:33,270 --> 00:02:31,519 then and uh frankly i don't think i 61 00:02:36,550 --> 00:02:33,280 really paid attention to the space 62 00:02:39,190 --> 00:02:36,560 shuttle program until sts-7 uh so she 63 00:02:41,190 --> 00:02:39,200 had a great influence uh on me and then 64 00:02:44,790 --> 00:02:41,200 throughout my career because i got to 65 00:02:46,790 --> 00:02:44,800 know her served with her uh in really 66 00:02:49,110 --> 00:02:46,800 advancing the 67 00:02:52,150 --> 00:02:49,120 space program that we 68 00:02:54,790 --> 00:02:52,160 are participating in today she shaped 69 00:02:57,910 --> 00:02:54,800 my life in this program she was someone 70 00:03:00,149 --> 00:02:57,920 who saw both the importance and value of 71 00:03:02,949 --> 00:03:00,159 space for looking out as well as looking 72 00:03:05,270 --> 00:03:02,959 back at our fragile planet and 73 00:03:07,350 --> 00:03:05,280 she moved i think the program in a 74 00:03:10,470 --> 00:03:07,360 direction that is providing the very 75 00:03:14,710 --> 00:03:10,480 best value uh to the american taxpayer 76 00:03:19,350 --> 00:03:16,869 okay 77 00:03:21,350 --> 00:03:19,360 dr flammer as one of the founders of 78 00:03:23,190 --> 00:03:21,360 sally riot science would you mind 79 00:03:25,990 --> 00:03:23,200 telling us about your inspiration of 80 00:03:28,789 --> 00:03:26,000 starting the organization 81 00:03:32,309 --> 00:03:28,799 uh definitely so um you know sally's 82 00:03:34,149 --> 00:03:32,319 done so many things in her life and i 83 00:03:36,789 --> 00:03:34,159 first met her we were both female 84 00:03:39,430 --> 00:03:36,799 physicists at ucsd 85 00:03:41,990 --> 00:03:39,440 and she had just started the educational 86 00:03:45,430 --> 00:03:42,000 outreach program which i still run today 87 00:03:49,589 --> 00:03:45,440 called now named sally ride earth cam 88 00:03:52,789 --> 00:03:49,599 and um working with her on earth cam 89 00:03:55,110 --> 00:03:52,799 changed my career path i was doing um 90 00:03:56,550 --> 00:03:55,120 theoretical research in space physics 91 00:03:58,229 --> 00:03:56,560 and all of a sudden 92 00:03:59,990 --> 00:03:58,239 sally 93 00:04:01,509 --> 00:04:00,000 just started earthkam and we started 94 00:04:03,750 --> 00:04:01,519 reaching out to middle school students 95 00:04:05,190 --> 00:04:03,760 and seeing how we could engage them in 96 00:04:06,949 --> 00:04:05,200 stem 97 00:04:09,110 --> 00:04:06,959 through this incredible opportunity of 98 00:04:10,949 --> 00:04:09,120 taking pictures of our earth from the 99 00:04:14,550 --> 00:04:10,959 earthcam digital camera now on the space 100 00:04:16,949 --> 00:04:14,560 station and it really gave sally the 101 00:04:20,069 --> 00:04:16,959 motivation and the idea to for us to 102 00:04:23,590 --> 00:04:20,079 start our own science education company 103 00:04:26,230 --> 00:04:23,600 sally ride science and um use our 104 00:04:28,629 --> 00:04:26,240 background as scientists and 105 00:04:30,950 --> 00:04:28,639 our experience and our paths to getting 106 00:04:32,710 --> 00:04:30,960 to our careers to try to really figure 107 00:04:35,110 --> 00:04:32,720 out a way to just broaden that 108 00:04:38,390 --> 00:04:35,120 experience and reach all students and 109 00:04:40,230 --> 00:04:38,400 particularly girls and provide resources 110 00:04:43,590 --> 00:04:40,240 um curriculum 111 00:04:46,150 --> 00:04:43,600 tools and products to let students know 112 00:04:47,350 --> 00:04:46,160 um and particularly girls that stem 113 00:04:50,870 --> 00:04:47,360 careers 114 00:04:53,350 --> 00:04:50,880 are available to all students and i'm 115 00:04:55,270 --> 00:04:53,360 i'm just so proud that sally with 116 00:04:57,430 --> 00:04:55,280 sally's efforts that sally ride science 117 00:04:59,350 --> 00:04:57,440 has turned into a 118 00:05:02,310 --> 00:04:59,360 very strong 119 00:05:05,670 --> 00:05:02,320 organization that continues to reach 120 00:05:07,670 --> 00:05:05,680 teachers and and parents and students 121 00:05:10,390 --> 00:05:07,680 and hopefully we're going to have a huge 122 00:05:14,070 --> 00:05:10,400 impact on improving stem education and 123 00:05:16,629 --> 00:05:14,080 widening the pipeline into stem careers 124 00:05:18,150 --> 00:05:16,639 so how many schools have you been at so 125 00:05:20,629 --> 00:05:18,160 far 126 00:05:23,590 --> 00:05:20,639 so the the the numbers we've through all 127 00:05:26,950 --> 00:05:23,600 of our teacher training we we've 128 00:05:29,990 --> 00:05:26,960 actually now we've trained probably uh 129 00:05:31,590 --> 00:05:30,000 tens of thousands of teachers on 130 00:05:34,070 --> 00:05:31,600 um 131 00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:34,080 ways we think we can help teachers 132 00:05:39,830 --> 00:05:36,560 engage and ignite students interests in 133 00:05:42,710 --> 00:05:39,840 both stem and stem careers and that 134 00:05:43,990 --> 00:05:42,720 really translates into we've we've 135 00:05:46,550 --> 00:05:44,000 touched 136 00:05:48,950 --> 00:05:46,560 over a million students and the other 137 00:05:53,270 --> 00:05:48,960 programs that we continue to run like 138 00:05:54,629 --> 00:05:53,280 nasa funded iss earth earthkam has also 139 00:05:56,870 --> 00:05:54,639 reached 140 00:05:59,430 --> 00:05:56,880 over a half million 141 00:06:01,909 --> 00:05:59,440 students and we continue to outreach and 142 00:06:03,670 --> 00:06:01,919 grow that program so i mean collectively 143 00:06:06,390 --> 00:06:03,680 when you think of all of the programs 144 00:06:08,469 --> 00:06:06,400 that sally initiated and sally ride 145 00:06:10,870 --> 00:06:08,479 science continues to support 146 00:06:12,710 --> 00:06:10,880 we're reaching millions of students and 147 00:06:14,390 --> 00:06:12,720 some of these students are are not only 148 00:06:17,270 --> 00:06:14,400 in our country but worldwide 149 00:06:19,270 --> 00:06:17,280 particularly through iss or iss sally 150 00:06:22,070 --> 00:06:19,280 ride earth camp 151 00:06:24,629 --> 00:06:22,080 are girls liking this program or is it 152 00:06:27,189 --> 00:06:24,639 just boys or oh yeah no no i mean it's 153 00:06:30,950 --> 00:06:27,199 what whatever whatever uh tools and 154 00:06:32,950 --> 00:06:30,960 resources that we provide um are are 155 00:06:36,230 --> 00:06:32,960 equally useful to girls and boys it's 156 00:06:38,230 --> 00:06:36,240 just that we're paying attention to 157 00:06:40,230 --> 00:06:38,240 we're paying attention that that we need 158 00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:40,240 to get more girls and under-represented 159 00:06:44,309 --> 00:06:41,440 minorities 160 00:06:46,469 --> 00:06:44,319 involved and interested in stem and made 161 00:06:48,950 --> 00:06:46,479 aware of the just the wide variety of 162 00:06:51,350 --> 00:06:48,960 stem careers because we really 163 00:06:55,350 --> 00:06:51,360 need to broaden the pipeline of our 164 00:06:59,990 --> 00:06:57,990 dr stron i really love the pictures from 165 00:07:01,990 --> 00:07:00,000 the hubble telescope can you tell us 166 00:07:04,150 --> 00:07:02,000 more about the james webb telescope that 167 00:07:06,230 --> 00:07:04,160 will replace it 168 00:07:08,870 --> 00:07:06,240 sure well first of all we like to say 169 00:07:10,469 --> 00:07:08,880 that instead of being a replacement 170 00:07:12,469 --> 00:07:10,479 for hubble the web is going to be the 171 00:07:14,710 --> 00:07:12,479 successor to hubble so we're really 172 00:07:16,629 --> 00:07:14,720 building the james webb space telescope 173 00:07:18,710 --> 00:07:16,639 to answer the big science questions that 174 00:07:20,390 --> 00:07:18,720 hubble just can't quite answer 175 00:07:22,870 --> 00:07:20,400 of course hubble's been amazing it's 176 00:07:25,830 --> 00:07:22,880 been in space over 20 years now so it's 177 00:07:28,230 --> 00:07:25,840 doing a great job and we all love hubble 178 00:07:30,230 --> 00:07:28,240 my own research i study star formation 179 00:07:32,230 --> 00:07:30,240 in distant galaxies and most of my 180 00:07:34,629 --> 00:07:32,240 research that i do is done with data 181 00:07:36,309 --> 00:07:34,639 from hubble because it's so amazing but 182 00:07:38,550 --> 00:07:36,319 the web telescope is going to be about a 183 00:07:41,270 --> 00:07:38,560 hundred times more powerful and a 184 00:07:42,950 --> 00:07:41,280 hundred times more awesome at least so 185 00:07:44,629 --> 00:07:42,960 we're really excited about the really 186 00:07:46,309 --> 00:07:44,639 great things we're going to discover 187 00:07:48,309 --> 00:07:46,319 with webb we're going to discover things 188 00:07:49,990 --> 00:07:48,319 like the very first galaxies that were 189 00:07:52,150 --> 00:07:50,000 born in the universe we're going to 190 00:07:54,390 --> 00:07:52,160 learn about how galaxies and black holes 191 00:07:56,230 --> 00:07:54,400 form and change over time we'll learn 192 00:07:58,469 --> 00:07:56,240 about how stars are born and we'll also 193 00:08:00,469 --> 00:07:58,479 learn a lot about exoplanets planets 194 00:08:02,629 --> 00:08:00,479 orbiting other stars outside of our 195 00:08:04,390 --> 00:08:02,639 solar system so we're really really 196 00:08:06,710 --> 00:08:04,400 excited about the awesome science we're 197 00:08:08,230 --> 00:08:06,720 going to get to do with web and the 198 00:08:09,430 --> 00:08:08,240 engineering that goes behind it is 199 00:08:11,110 --> 00:08:09,440 amazing 200 00:08:12,950 --> 00:08:11,120 this telescope will be by far the 201 00:08:15,670 --> 00:08:12,960 biggest telescope nasa's ever put into 202 00:08:18,629 --> 00:08:15,680 space it's one of nasa's top three 203 00:08:20,710 --> 00:08:18,639 overall priorities so it's a big deal 204 00:08:22,390 --> 00:08:20,720 and it's a big telescope and it's really 205 00:08:23,830 --> 00:08:22,400 such such an honor to be able to work on 206 00:08:25,909 --> 00:08:23,840 such a fun mission 207 00:08:28,390 --> 00:08:25,919 and uh from the perspective of the 208 00:08:30,070 --> 00:08:28,400 influence of sally ride um 209 00:08:31,830 --> 00:08:30,080 you know i believe i was i was a pretty 210 00:08:34,949 --> 00:08:31,840 young kid when she uh went on her first 211 00:08:37,589 --> 00:08:34,959 space flight so um for me i i feel like 212 00:08:39,829 --> 00:08:37,599 she and others like her have really set 213 00:08:40,790 --> 00:08:39,839 the stage and those pioneers have 214 00:08:43,029 --> 00:08:40,800 allowed 215 00:08:45,030 --> 00:08:43,039 women like myself to really be able to 216 00:08:46,870 --> 00:08:45,040 to uh to become an astronomer and 217 00:08:48,710 --> 00:08:46,880 astrophysicist that i am and to be able 218 00:08:52,230 --> 00:08:48,720 to take advantage of some of those great 219 00:08:53,269 --> 00:08:52,240 opportunities that nasa has for women 220 00:08:54,870 --> 00:08:53,279 oh 221 00:08:56,070 --> 00:08:54,880 when do you think the telescope will go 222 00:08:59,350 --> 00:08:56,080 in space 223 00:09:01,910 --> 00:08:59,360 so we are scheduled to launch in 2018 so 224 00:09:04,550 --> 00:09:01,920 uh just about five years away um we're 225 00:09:06,550 --> 00:09:04,560 really busy right now um putting the 226 00:09:08,630 --> 00:09:06,560 pieces of the telescope together and 227 00:09:11,269 --> 00:09:08,640 testing the telescope so actually a lot 228 00:09:13,590 --> 00:09:11,279 of the the telescope has already um been 229 00:09:15,750 --> 00:09:13,600 built and so now we're under the the 230 00:09:17,509 --> 00:09:15,760 major task of putting all of those 231 00:09:19,590 --> 00:09:17,519 pieces of the puzzle together and making 232 00:09:21,190 --> 00:09:19,600 sure everything works before we launch 233 00:09:23,430 --> 00:09:21,200 so we have about five more years a 234 00:09:24,550 --> 00:09:23,440 little over five years to launch and uh 235 00:09:25,750 --> 00:09:24,560 we're really excited about what we're 236 00:09:27,430 --> 00:09:25,760 gonna learn from this awesome new 237 00:09:30,550 --> 00:09:27,440 telescope 238 00:09:32,470 --> 00:09:30,560 and how long i've been working on it 239 00:09:34,150 --> 00:09:32,480 so i've been at um i work at nasa 240 00:09:35,750 --> 00:09:34,160 goddard in maryland and i've been there 241 00:09:38,389 --> 00:09:35,760 about five years it'll be five years 242 00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:38,399 this fall i started out as a postdoc and 243 00:09:42,630 --> 00:09:40,000 then became a full-time nasa employee 244 00:09:45,110 --> 00:09:42,640 just a couple years ago and when i was 245 00:09:45,910 --> 00:09:45,120 doing research as a postdoc kind of full 246 00:09:47,509 --> 00:09:45,920 time 247 00:09:49,590 --> 00:09:47,519 again i was working mostly with data 248 00:09:51,350 --> 00:09:49,600 from hubble um but 249 00:09:53,829 --> 00:09:51,360 all the time when we're working with 250 00:09:56,230 --> 00:09:53,839 with this um with hubble data we're 251 00:09:57,430 --> 00:09:56,240 looking forward um to to what web is 252 00:09:59,670 --> 00:09:57,440 going to be able to do and we're 253 00:10:02,710 --> 00:09:59,680 starting or we started long ago asking 254 00:10:04,550 --> 00:10:02,720 those big questions of of the the big 255 00:10:06,069 --> 00:10:04,560 big questions in astronomy that we can't 256 00:10:08,230 --> 00:10:06,079 answer now that web will be able to 257 00:10:10,870 --> 00:10:08,240 answer so i've only really technically 258 00:10:12,310 --> 00:10:10,880 been working on web for um a few years 259 00:10:14,230 --> 00:10:12,320 but i've been thinking about it for a 260 00:10:16,069 --> 00:10:14,240 long time 261 00:10:18,550 --> 00:10:16,079 it's very cool 262 00:10:21,030 --> 00:10:18,560 dr coleman can you give a few examples 263 00:10:24,710 --> 00:10:21,040 of the science that astronauts do on the 264 00:10:27,750 --> 00:10:25,590 there's 265 00:10:29,670 --> 00:10:27,760 a lot of amazing things um 266 00:10:31,110 --> 00:10:29,680 i guess you know some of the ones that 267 00:10:33,030 --> 00:10:31,120 are easier to see 268 00:10:35,030 --> 00:10:33,040 are experiments that have to do with 269 00:10:37,030 --> 00:10:35,040 like liquids what do liquids really 270 00:10:38,550 --> 00:10:37,040 really want to do we have a lot of 271 00:10:40,710 --> 00:10:38,560 experiments about that because down here 272 00:10:42,470 --> 00:10:40,720 on the ground you know with gravity 273 00:10:43,509 --> 00:10:42,480 basically it overwhelms some of the 274 00:10:47,030 --> 00:10:43,519 smaller 275 00:10:49,190 --> 00:10:47,040 forces that uh that um you know tell 276 00:10:50,870 --> 00:10:49,200 liquids what they're going to do and so 277 00:10:52,230 --> 00:10:50,880 what we do up on the space station is 278 00:10:53,350 --> 00:10:52,240 actually some some experiments that are 279 00:10:55,670 --> 00:10:53,360 simple and some that are pretty 280 00:10:56,949 --> 00:10:55,680 complicated um if we just i mean for a 281 00:10:59,509 --> 00:10:56,959 simple thing if you just you know 282 00:11:00,710 --> 00:10:59,519 squeeze your orange juice bag too tight 283 00:11:02,470 --> 00:11:00,720 and it comes out of your straw you're 284 00:11:04,310 --> 00:11:02,480 going to have a sphere of water or 285 00:11:06,230 --> 00:11:04,320 sphere of orange juice and that's 286 00:11:08,230 --> 00:11:06,240 because surface tension is the dominant 287 00:11:10,550 --> 00:11:08,240 force there well we use that to 288 00:11:12,230 --> 00:11:10,560 understand things like 289 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:12,240 everything that is manufactured down 290 00:11:17,030 --> 00:11:15,360 here in a factory that involves flow 291 00:11:19,030 --> 00:11:17,040 through a pipe that means you know 292 00:11:21,030 --> 00:11:19,040 making things out of plastic that means 293 00:11:23,269 --> 00:11:21,040 making food that means manufacturing 294 00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:23,279 things that means processing fuel 295 00:11:28,069 --> 00:11:25,680 everything all those things we need to 296 00:11:30,150 --> 00:11:28,079 understand what do liquids really want 297 00:11:31,750 --> 00:11:30,160 to do and so we go to a microgravity 298 00:11:34,069 --> 00:11:31,760 environment to investigate those little 299 00:11:36,550 --> 00:11:34,079 forces that come into play especially at 300 00:11:39,190 --> 00:11:36,560 the walls and that includes the walls of 301 00:11:42,069 --> 00:11:39,200 like us you know in our veins and the 302 00:11:43,750 --> 00:11:42,079 way liquids interact in our bodies 303 00:11:46,389 --> 00:11:43,760 there's also combustion 304 00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:46,399 understanding um how things burn is a 305 00:11:51,030 --> 00:11:48,240 pretty it's a pretty involved 306 00:11:53,110 --> 00:11:51,040 complicated process it happens really 307 00:11:56,389 --> 00:11:53,120 fast down here on earth because there's 308 00:11:58,310 --> 00:11:56,399 a lot going on you know we have gravity 309 00:12:00,550 --> 00:11:58,320 keeping the heavier things down the 310 00:12:04,150 --> 00:12:00,560 lighter gases which are being produced 311 00:12:05,910 --> 00:12:04,160 rising new fuel is swooping in and so 312 00:12:07,829 --> 00:12:05,920 there's there's a lot going on it's hard 313 00:12:10,389 --> 00:12:07,839 to literally take pictures of or take 314 00:12:13,350 --> 00:12:10,399 data of so up in space where those 315 00:12:16,230 --> 00:12:13,360 lighter things are not going to rise our 316 00:12:18,629 --> 00:12:16,240 candles flames are more spherical our 317 00:12:20,949 --> 00:12:18,639 equations are easier to solve 318 00:12:23,670 --> 00:12:20,959 and we are able to understand things 319 00:12:25,829 --> 00:12:23,680 about how things burn how to burn things 320 00:12:28,710 --> 00:12:25,839 more cleanly how to burn things more 321 00:12:30,389 --> 00:12:28,720 effectively how pollution is formed not 322 00:12:32,470 --> 00:12:30,399 formed so that's just some of the 323 00:12:34,550 --> 00:12:32,480 physical things and then if i start into 324 00:12:36,470 --> 00:12:34,560 what happens to us up there 325 00:12:39,110 --> 00:12:36,480 it's not just about how to live in space 326 00:12:41,190 --> 00:12:39,120 but it's about how to live down here 327 00:12:44,389 --> 00:12:41,200 because i don't have gravity up there or 328 00:12:47,350 --> 00:12:44,399 not much i lose bone and muscle 329 00:12:50,230 --> 00:12:47,360 about 10 times faster than a woman who's 330 00:12:52,150 --> 00:12:50,240 70 years old that has osteoporosis 331 00:12:53,590 --> 00:12:52,160 so i would come home after a six month 332 00:12:56,790 --> 00:12:53,600 or a year mission like a piece of 333 00:12:58,949 --> 00:12:56,800 spaghetti if i didn't do some things to 334 00:12:59,990 --> 00:12:58,959 to stay to keep strong bones and strong 335 00:13:01,829 --> 00:13:00,000 muscles 336 00:13:02,949 --> 00:13:01,839 and it turns out that the lessons that 337 00:13:05,030 --> 00:13:02,959 we learn 338 00:13:07,269 --> 00:13:05,040 because they happen so fast up there 339 00:13:09,430 --> 00:13:07,279 that process happens so fast up there it 340 00:13:11,670 --> 00:13:09,440 makes it easier to study 341 00:13:14,629 --> 00:13:11,680 so literally by taking blood samples and 342 00:13:16,949 --> 00:13:14,639 urine samples and saying okay katie eat 343 00:13:19,590 --> 00:13:16,959 these things okay now this week eat 344 00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:19,600 these things we can see the effect of 345 00:13:22,389 --> 00:13:20,399 diet 346 00:13:24,710 --> 00:13:22,399 on our bone health whether bone is 347 00:13:26,150 --> 00:13:24,720 growing or dissolving 348 00:13:28,870 --> 00:13:26,160 we can look at the effects of different 349 00:13:29,910 --> 00:13:28,880 kinds of exercise and all those lessons 350 00:13:31,750 --> 00:13:29,920 that we're learning i mean they 351 00:13:34,310 --> 00:13:31,760 certainly helped me i can only talk 352 00:13:36,790 --> 00:13:34,320 about my own experimental data but i 353 00:13:39,430 --> 00:13:36,800 actually came back to earth with all the 354 00:13:41,829 --> 00:13:39,440 bone and muscle that i left with 355 00:13:43,670 --> 00:13:41,839 it's not probably the same and that 356 00:13:45,189 --> 00:13:43,680 muscle and bone are probably rebuilt and 357 00:13:47,750 --> 00:13:45,199 we're still doing experiments to 358 00:13:50,790 --> 00:13:47,760 understand how that might be different 359 00:13:53,110 --> 00:13:50,800 but i came back with all with with a lot 360 00:13:55,350 --> 00:13:53,120 more bone and muscle than astronauts um 361 00:13:57,030 --> 00:13:55,360 used to do and in fact my crewmates it's 362 00:13:58,870 --> 00:13:57,040 happening to them too 363 00:14:00,949 --> 00:13:58,880 and that means that we're understanding 364 00:14:03,430 --> 00:14:00,959 how to keep people strong when they're 365 00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:03,440 older as well so lots of lessons about 366 00:14:07,990 --> 00:14:06,000 the body lots of lessons about physics 367 00:14:19,509 --> 00:14:08,000 and it's it's an amazing laboratory the 368 00:14:27,430 --> 00:14:21,829 uh were you nervous when you first went 369 00:14:31,590 --> 00:14:29,910 i i tell people you know not exactly 370 00:14:33,829 --> 00:14:31,600 nervous because you've been trained to 371 00:14:34,790 --> 00:14:33,839 do a job and you're thinking about that 372 00:14:35,750 --> 00:14:34,800 job 373 00:14:38,710 --> 00:14:35,760 and 374 00:14:39,990 --> 00:14:38,720 as a human being you know in terms of 375 00:14:40,870 --> 00:14:40,000 launching 376 00:14:43,350 --> 00:14:40,880 just 377 00:14:44,949 --> 00:14:43,360 so excited and even though 378 00:14:46,629 --> 00:14:44,959 you know it's going to happen you know 379 00:14:48,230 --> 00:14:46,639 you climb into that rocket just like you 380 00:14:49,829 --> 00:14:48,240 have in practice and you do all the 381 00:14:51,750 --> 00:14:49,839 things in practice and you know what 382 00:14:54,870 --> 00:14:51,760 time those engines are going to light 383 00:14:57,189 --> 00:14:54,880 when it really happens it's so clear 384 00:14:59,590 --> 00:14:57,199 that it's a pretty amazing thing when 385 00:15:01,910 --> 00:14:59,600 people leave the planet it takes a whole 386 00:15:04,389 --> 00:15:01,920 team of people on the ground to to get 387 00:15:06,310 --> 00:15:04,399 that all to happen and it's an amazing 388 00:15:08,470 --> 00:15:06,320 thing i was just really excited i'll 389 00:15:10,230 --> 00:15:08,480 tell you what i do worry about up when 390 00:15:12,389 --> 00:15:10,240 i'm up in space or just when i'm doing 391 00:15:14,710 --> 00:15:12,399 my job in general is 392 00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:14,720 i worry about making a mistake 393 00:15:18,470 --> 00:15:16,800 i mean we're all human and yet i feel 394 00:15:20,949 --> 00:15:18,480 like i have this important job where i'm 395 00:15:23,910 --> 00:15:20,959 responsible for doing my best and i was 396 00:15:26,310 --> 00:15:23,920 in in fact responsible for catching the 397 00:15:28,230 --> 00:15:26,320 htv supply ship with the robotic arm the 398 00:15:29,829 --> 00:15:28,240 second time we'd ever done that i was 399 00:15:31,509 --> 00:15:29,839 responsible for launching the chandra 400 00:15:32,790 --> 00:15:31,519 x-ray observatory 401 00:15:35,509 --> 00:15:32,800 you know it's like the the webb 402 00:15:37,350 --> 00:15:35,519 telescope where you know 403 00:15:39,990 --> 00:15:37,360 hearing it described earlier it actually 404 00:15:41,590 --> 00:15:40,000 brings back to me what we all felt about 405 00:15:43,350 --> 00:15:41,600 being part of something so big and 406 00:15:45,189 --> 00:15:43,360 important and you don't want to be the 407 00:15:47,110 --> 00:15:45,199 person that messes it up 408 00:15:49,430 --> 00:15:47,120 and the only way that i deal with that 409 00:15:51,350 --> 00:15:49,440 kind of let's call it fear 410 00:15:53,269 --> 00:15:51,360 is i just have to know that i did all 411 00:15:56,230 --> 00:15:53,279 the preparation that i could 412 00:15:59,030 --> 00:15:56,240 that i did all my practicing and that i 413 00:16:01,749 --> 00:15:59,040 was ready as ready as i could as i could 414 00:16:03,749 --> 00:16:01,759 be and ready to do my best and that's 415 00:16:08,069 --> 00:16:03,759 how i get that kind of fear behind me 416 00:16:12,870 --> 00:16:10,150 for miss garber you're the deputy 417 00:16:15,350 --> 00:16:12,880 administrator for nasa do you have a 418 00:16:19,749 --> 00:16:15,360 stem background and can girls in other 419 00:16:24,949 --> 00:16:22,870 i do not in fact have a stem background 420 00:16:27,590 --> 00:16:24,959 my undergraduate degree is in political 421 00:16:30,230 --> 00:16:27,600 science and economics masters in science 422 00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:30,240 technology and public policy so i am a 423 00:16:35,189 --> 00:16:32,160 living example that if you are a 424 00:16:37,189 --> 00:16:35,199 non-stem person there are many careers 425 00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:37,199 for you at nasa 426 00:16:41,269 --> 00:16:39,920 in addition to those that i was involved 427 00:16:44,230 --> 00:16:41,279 in many 428 00:16:45,990 --> 00:16:44,240 educators work at nasa we have 429 00:16:48,150 --> 00:16:46,000 government affairs specialists 430 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:48,160 communications people the folks who are 431 00:16:53,590 --> 00:16:50,880 really helping us with this uh google 432 00:16:56,470 --> 00:16:53,600 hangout now uh professionals in their 433 00:16:57,670 --> 00:16:56,480 fields who i would say what what we all 434 00:16:58,710 --> 00:16:57,680 share is 435 00:17:01,910 --> 00:16:58,720 of course 436 00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:01,920 a love of a challenge in doing things 437 00:17:04,870 --> 00:17:04,000 that have not been done before and doing 438 00:17:07,110 --> 00:17:04,880 them 439 00:17:08,870 --> 00:17:07,120 in a way that provides real benefit back 440 00:17:11,829 --> 00:17:08,880 here on earth 441 00:17:14,630 --> 00:17:11,839 as a public agency we spend the 442 00:17:16,309 --> 00:17:14,640 taxpayers dollars so i have 443 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:16,319 really been able to utilize my 444 00:17:21,029 --> 00:17:18,480 background in economics and political 445 00:17:22,069 --> 00:17:21,039 science and public policy in a way that 446 00:17:23,429 --> 00:17:22,079 hopefully 447 00:17:26,150 --> 00:17:23,439 can 448 00:17:28,870 --> 00:17:26,160 best manage an agency that is stewards 449 00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:28,880 of nearly 18 billion dollars of public 450 00:17:33,590 --> 00:17:31,120 dollars working with congress working 451 00:17:35,430 --> 00:17:33,600 with the president and the rest of his 452 00:17:37,750 --> 00:17:35,440 leadership team in the white house so 453 00:17:39,430 --> 00:17:37,760 that they understand the value of what 454 00:17:40,789 --> 00:17:39,440 we're doing at nasa 455 00:17:42,390 --> 00:17:40,799 one of the reasons though that i can do 456 00:17:44,549 --> 00:17:42,400 my job is because we have these 457 00:17:47,590 --> 00:17:44,559 unbelievable professionals in the stem 458 00:17:50,870 --> 00:17:47,600 fields who are able to explain the 459 00:17:52,230 --> 00:17:50,880 technical details uh to us in a way that 460 00:17:53,990 --> 00:17:52,240 we will be able to convey that 461 00:17:56,310 --> 00:17:54,000 information to folks who need to know to 462 00:17:59,750 --> 00:17:56,320 make decisions about how we spend uh the 463 00:18:01,830 --> 00:17:59,760 country's resources and uh it is a 464 00:18:03,750 --> 00:18:01,840 privilege to work with them so i i 465 00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:03,760 really encourage people to go into stem 466 00:18:07,510 --> 00:18:06,000 fields because the preponderance of 467 00:18:11,190 --> 00:18:07,520 people who work here have stem 468 00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:11,200 backgrounds but if your passion is uh 469 00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:12,480 space law 470 00:18:18,789 --> 00:18:16,880 you can have a place at nasa as well 471 00:18:21,029 --> 00:18:18,799 for everyone on the panel 472 00:18:23,270 --> 00:18:21,039 how may have you watched sally's sally 473 00:18:30,150 --> 00:18:23,280 ride's first flight and do you remember 474 00:18:34,549 --> 00:18:32,390 well i'll start i already mentioned uh 475 00:18:35,990 --> 00:18:34,559 where i was i remember where i was there 476 00:18:38,789 --> 00:18:36,000 were several of us who might have 477 00:18:40,710 --> 00:18:38,799 skipped class in college to see her 478 00:18:42,070 --> 00:18:40,720 launch and in particular i remember her 479 00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:42,080 landing because of course with the space 480 00:18:47,909 --> 00:18:44,400 shuttle landings were a very special 481 00:18:51,830 --> 00:18:47,919 thing and being able to see uh her 482 00:18:53,909 --> 00:18:51,840 uh walk off the space shuttle was uh 483 00:18:55,430 --> 00:18:53,919 is something i remember to this day now 484 00:18:58,230 --> 00:18:55,440 of course being able to work with her 485 00:19:00,630 --> 00:18:58,240 later became probably cemented 486 00:19:03,510 --> 00:19:00,640 those memories but knowing 487 00:19:04,950 --> 00:19:03,520 where i was at that age while 488 00:19:07,990 --> 00:19:04,960 she was in space was something that 489 00:19:14,950 --> 00:19:11,430 um i'd like to add that um i was i had 490 00:19:16,070 --> 00:19:14,960 just started a uh a phd program in 491 00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:16,080 physics 492 00:19:20,549 --> 00:19:17,600 at the university of california san 493 00:19:23,430 --> 00:19:20,559 diego um during sally's first flight and 494 00:19:27,350 --> 00:19:23,440 sally was not ended up there years later 495 00:19:30,150 --> 00:19:27,360 but i just remember thinking that um i 496 00:19:32,789 --> 00:19:30,160 just needed to meet that woman someday i 497 00:19:35,909 --> 00:19:32,799 um and it's just um still 498 00:19:38,630 --> 00:19:35,919 um i'm so grateful that i did end up she 499 00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:38,640 ended up coming to ucsd and i did end up 500 00:19:42,950 --> 00:19:40,720 working with her and forming a company 501 00:19:44,549 --> 00:19:42,960 company with her and 502 00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:44,559 as i mentioned earlier it really did 503 00:19:48,230 --> 00:19:46,160 change my 504 00:19:50,310 --> 00:19:48,240 focus and now 505 00:19:53,909 --> 00:19:50,320 you know my my passion for stem 506 00:19:55,350 --> 00:19:53,919 education but it really um again seeing 507 00:19:56,470 --> 00:19:55,360 seeing somebody 508 00:19:58,470 --> 00:19:56,480 um 509 00:20:00,470 --> 00:19:58,480 in my mind too not only 510 00:20:03,029 --> 00:20:00,480 be a hero and be the first american 511 00:20:05,350 --> 00:20:03,039 woman to go into space but it was also 512 00:20:08,310 --> 00:20:05,360 the way that she did it and the way that 513 00:20:09,909 --> 00:20:08,320 she handled herself um and you it you 514 00:20:11,990 --> 00:20:09,919 could just 515 00:20:14,630 --> 00:20:12,000 tell even from afar not knowing her 516 00:20:16,789 --> 00:20:14,640 personally that she that she was gonna 517 00:20:18,789 --> 00:20:16,799 make a difference um 518 00:20:22,470 --> 00:20:18,799 in in pretty much everything that she 519 00:20:25,750 --> 00:20:24,549 for dr katie coleman 520 00:20:30,630 --> 00:20:25,760 how 521 00:20:34,390 --> 00:20:32,789 the exact number i think they're you 522 00:20:35,990 --> 00:20:34,400 know i don't i'm not a good sort of 523 00:20:39,270 --> 00:20:36,000 exact number person i want to say and 524 00:20:41,350 --> 00:20:39,280 maybe dr graver can help me out uh 53 525 00:20:42,710 --> 00:20:41,360 that there's ever been something i think 526 00:20:44,789 --> 00:20:42,720 that's pretty close but i'm going to 527 00:20:46,950 --> 00:20:44,799 tell you that we're uh four more than we 528 00:20:48,950 --> 00:20:46,960 had a month ago with our most recent 529 00:20:51,190 --> 00:20:48,960 announcement and i know specifically 530 00:20:53,110 --> 00:20:51,200 they are not astronauts yet uh in fact 531 00:20:55,830 --> 00:20:53,120 we still call them as cans as an 532 00:20:57,750 --> 00:20:55,840 astronaut candidates uh but it was very 533 00:20:58,630 --> 00:20:57,760 exciting to be able to for the first 534 00:21:01,110 --> 00:20:58,640 time 535 00:21:03,990 --> 00:21:01,120 have a new astronaut class that there's 536 00:21:05,909 --> 00:21:04,000 fully representative of uh females in 537 00:21:08,710 --> 00:21:05,919 the population so out of eight 538 00:21:09,990 --> 00:21:08,720 astronauts candidates for being women 539 00:21:11,669 --> 00:21:10,000 but i think that's right it's it's the 540 00:21:13,430 --> 00:21:11,679 low 50s 541 00:21:17,190 --> 00:21:13,440 and you know whenever the other part of 542 00:21:20,470 --> 00:21:17,200 my answer is i would say not enough okay 543 00:21:22,630 --> 00:21:20,480 you know basically in my job i mean we 544 00:21:24,390 --> 00:21:22,640 have these teams of people and and i 545 00:21:26,470 --> 00:21:24,400 would say the majority of them are often 546 00:21:28,789 --> 00:21:26,480 men and that's probably true for all of 547 00:21:31,750 --> 00:21:28,799 us here on the panel and it's why we're 548 00:21:34,230 --> 00:21:31,760 here with ucd and you know it's because 549 00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:34,240 basically you know until i met sally i 550 00:21:38,549 --> 00:21:36,080 had this impression of what being an 551 00:21:40,070 --> 00:21:38,559 astronaut was like and and i still see 552 00:21:41,430 --> 00:21:40,080 this picture around the johnson space 553 00:21:42,870 --> 00:21:41,440 center and it's the seven original 554 00:21:45,430 --> 00:21:42,880 astronauts standing in front of a 555 00:21:48,789 --> 00:21:45,440 fighter plane and nothing in that 556 00:21:51,029 --> 00:21:48,799 picture makes me think it could be me 557 00:21:53,430 --> 00:21:51,039 and i met sally ride when i was in 558 00:21:55,029 --> 00:21:53,440 college i went to a lecture i shook her 559 00:21:56,710 --> 00:21:55,039 hand she doesn't remember you know we've 560 00:21:58,310 --> 00:21:56,720 both talked about this 561 00:22:00,390 --> 00:21:58,320 and so it wasn't actually the 562 00:22:01,990 --> 00:22:00,400 conversation that we had it was the fact 563 00:22:04,230 --> 00:22:02,000 that i could see her across an 564 00:22:06,630 --> 00:22:04,240 auditorium and realized that 565 00:22:07,590 --> 00:22:06,640 this was something that i could aspire 566 00:22:08,390 --> 00:22:07,600 to 567 00:22:11,110 --> 00:22:08,400 and 568 00:22:13,830 --> 00:22:11,120 that's it's still very necessary in all 569 00:22:17,430 --> 00:22:13,840 these careers that we talk about in stem 570 00:22:19,190 --> 00:22:17,440 still a lot more guys than women and 571 00:22:22,390 --> 00:22:19,200 sometimes the skills that women 572 00:22:25,510 --> 00:22:22,400 stereotypically bring i think are 573 00:22:27,750 --> 00:22:25,520 i'll say underappreciated or in maybe 574 00:22:30,070 --> 00:22:27,760 underutilized in that stereotypically we 575 00:22:32,470 --> 00:22:30,080 do do actually bring some some great 576 00:22:34,549 --> 00:22:32,480 team facilitation skills i'll never 577 00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:34,559 forget eileen collins said we used to do 578 00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:36,400 northern national outdoor leadership 579 00:22:39,830 --> 00:22:38,000 training you know go out in the woods 580 00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:39,840 and learn things with our crews which is 581 00:22:43,590 --> 00:22:41,600 very valuable she said what is this 582 00:22:47,110 --> 00:22:43,600 outdoor leadership what about indoor 583 00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:47,120 leadership i show that every single day 584 00:22:50,630 --> 00:22:48,480 you know so there's a lot of skills that 585 00:22:52,630 --> 00:22:50,640 women bring and and i think it's just 586 00:22:54,950 --> 00:22:52,640 it's good to be a face out there so that 587 00:22:56,549 --> 00:22:54,960 the girls like yourself and girls like 588 00:22:58,870 --> 00:22:56,559 yourself standing up is really important 589 00:23:00,870 --> 00:22:58,880 too realize that there's a lot of things 590 00:23:02,789 --> 00:23:00,880 to do in the world and we need to be 591 00:23:04,470 --> 00:23:02,799 doing them and we need all of our girls 592 00:23:07,510 --> 00:23:04,480 doing them as well 593 00:23:09,110 --> 00:23:07,520 you know katie you're reminding me uh so 594 00:23:11,750 --> 00:23:09,120 with the earlier question that cynthia 595 00:23:15,350 --> 00:23:11,760 asked us i'm too young to have actually 596 00:23:17,430 --> 00:23:15,360 watched um dr ryan have launched but my 597 00:23:19,430 --> 00:23:17,440 sister who's older than i am i always 598 00:23:22,549 --> 00:23:19,440 credit her with spurring that interest 599 00:23:24,310 --> 00:23:22,559 in science and math in me and she was 600 00:23:25,590 --> 00:23:24,320 just at that age where she could 601 00:23:27,750 --> 00:23:25,600 remember 602 00:23:29,430 --> 00:23:27,760 sally going up into space and i don't 603 00:23:32,230 --> 00:23:29,440 and she never met her and there was no 604 00:23:34,789 --> 00:23:32,240 direct contact with dr right but i think 605 00:23:38,149 --> 00:23:34,799 it was just that image that all of a 606 00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:38,159 sudden the opportunity to go into space 607 00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:40,559 was available to women i think that's 608 00:23:44,789 --> 00:23:42,799 really what made the difference the the 609 00:23:45,590 --> 00:23:44,799 progress that nasa and the country had 610 00:23:48,149 --> 00:23:45,600 made 611 00:23:49,990 --> 00:23:48,159 in sending her up i think was just it 612 00:23:51,669 --> 00:23:50,000 was the presence of a woman going up 613 00:23:53,269 --> 00:23:51,679 into space that i think made all the 614 00:23:55,350 --> 00:23:53,279 difference in the world so for me while 615 00:23:57,029 --> 00:23:55,360 i didn't watch her launch even when i 616 00:23:59,510 --> 00:23:57,039 watched it on paper i watched it when i 617 00:24:01,350 --> 00:23:59,520 was little to me i felt like i was 618 00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:01,360 watching her launch i actually felt like 619 00:24:05,750 --> 00:24:03,200 i had been old enough at that time and 620 00:24:07,750 --> 00:24:05,760 it's remained my inspiration to keep 621 00:24:09,990 --> 00:24:07,760 working in science and math and whatever 622 00:24:12,230 --> 00:24:10,000 it is that i'm doing to support our our 623 00:24:13,430 --> 00:24:12,240 space program so every time you're while 624 00:24:15,590 --> 00:24:13,440 you're talking that's what i was 625 00:24:17,269 --> 00:24:15,600 thinking that absolutely i never had a 626 00:24:18,789 --> 00:24:17,279 conversation with her 627 00:24:20,230 --> 00:24:18,799 but it was just her presence that 628 00:24:21,669 --> 00:24:20,240 mattered 629 00:24:23,510 --> 00:24:21,679 and sometimes i'm a little overwhelmed 630 00:24:25,909 --> 00:24:23,520 by how much work we have to do but then 631 00:24:28,470 --> 00:24:25,919 there's days like yesterday my trainer 632 00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:28,480 at the gym we have several trainers and 633 00:24:32,310 --> 00:24:30,320 and she told me that her daughter who's 634 00:24:34,870 --> 00:24:32,320 six years old wants to have a jet 635 00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:34,880 fighter pilot birthday party and i said 636 00:24:45,029 --> 00:24:44,149 why do you feel that there are more boys 637 00:24:49,669 --> 00:24:45,039 getting 638 00:24:54,950 --> 00:24:52,070 i i have a couple views on that i would 639 00:24:57,110 --> 00:24:54,960 share i i do feel we have not done 640 00:24:59,909 --> 00:24:57,120 enough to explain some careers in a way 641 00:25:02,390 --> 00:24:59,919 that shows how they really do advance 642 00:25:03,669 --> 00:25:02,400 society and help humanity i think women 643 00:25:05,909 --> 00:25:03,679 as katie mentioned some of our 644 00:25:07,990 --> 00:25:05,919 particular um 645 00:25:11,430 --> 00:25:08,000 areas of uh 646 00:25:14,630 --> 00:25:11,440 interest are more along the lines of 647 00:25:16,710 --> 00:25:14,640 being able to uh advance society in a 648 00:25:18,549 --> 00:25:16,720 positive way and right now women are 649 00:25:20,789 --> 00:25:18,559 going into the medical field at equal or 650 00:25:22,310 --> 00:25:20,799 greater shares that's the part of stem 651 00:25:25,510 --> 00:25:22,320 the biological sciences that they're 652 00:25:27,909 --> 00:25:25,520 going into and engineering some uh 653 00:25:30,789 --> 00:25:27,919 is the least and so i think we need to 654 00:25:32,390 --> 00:25:30,799 connect more uh what we're doing and in 655 00:25:35,430 --> 00:25:32,400 particular in the space 656 00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:35,440 programs uh to 657 00:25:38,870 --> 00:25:37,679 benefit the public is something i think 658 00:25:41,190 --> 00:25:38,880 will 659 00:25:43,269 --> 00:25:41,200 connect more with women as well as the 660 00:25:45,269 --> 00:25:43,279 role model issue uh 661 00:25:48,230 --> 00:25:45,279 that katie laid out i mean here now now 662 00:25:51,029 --> 00:25:48,240 katie is one i feel like that when i was 663 00:25:53,350 --> 00:25:51,039 here in the uh 90s i ran the policy 664 00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:53,360 office and i was really proposing a 665 00:25:56,390 --> 00:25:55,360 serious concept to have an all-female 666 00:25:58,310 --> 00:25:56,400 shuttle crew 667 00:25:59,430 --> 00:25:58,320 and people laughed about it and i said 668 00:26:03,190 --> 00:25:59,440 well we have 669 00:26:05,510 --> 00:26:03,200 had all mail shuttle crews for decades 670 00:26:07,590 --> 00:26:05,520 uh and people don't laugh at that you 671 00:26:09,190 --> 00:26:07,600 know we could still be pursuing i think 672 00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:09,200 things that are really outstanding and 673 00:26:13,590 --> 00:26:11,440 again that's why i'm so proud of the 674 00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:13,600 astronaut selection this last couple 675 00:26:17,830 --> 00:26:16,080 weeks because role models do in fact 676 00:26:19,830 --> 00:26:17,840 matter we've all um 677 00:26:21,350 --> 00:26:19,840 in a way been been touched by sally and 678 00:26:23,190 --> 00:26:21,360 that's why we're here 679 00:26:26,230 --> 00:26:23,200 but we also i think need to describe our 680 00:26:29,029 --> 00:26:26,240 careers in a way that really shows um 681 00:26:31,430 --> 00:26:29,039 women what they can contribute uh 682 00:26:34,470 --> 00:26:31,440 through stem careers 683 00:26:36,789 --> 00:26:34,480 i i agree so much and i i want to add 684 00:26:37,590 --> 00:26:36,799 that to reinforce what you said that i 685 00:26:39,750 --> 00:26:37,600 mean 686 00:26:42,149 --> 00:26:39,760 the differences between that that males 687 00:26:44,789 --> 00:26:42,159 and females bring to the table in most 688 00:26:46,470 --> 00:26:44,799 cases you know is different and and 689 00:26:48,870 --> 00:26:46,480 complementary and a lot of the latest 690 00:26:52,789 --> 00:26:48,880 data and surveys shows that 691 00:26:55,269 --> 00:26:52,799 uh females care um greatly about 692 00:26:59,269 --> 00:26:55,279 improving the environment around them 693 00:27:02,310 --> 00:26:59,279 and they care about helping people and 694 00:27:05,350 --> 00:27:02,320 what we need to do is make that 695 00:27:07,990 --> 00:27:05,360 translation uh to show them how 696 00:27:10,149 --> 00:27:08,000 the the the misconception that science 697 00:27:12,870 --> 00:27:10,159 is not a humanistic 698 00:27:14,230 --> 00:27:12,880 effort and stem careers are either too 699 00:27:16,149 --> 00:27:14,240 esoteric 700 00:27:19,990 --> 00:27:16,159 um and again as you pointed out it's 701 00:27:22,630 --> 00:27:20,000 over now 50 it's 53 in this 2013 702 00:27:24,789 --> 00:27:22,640 freshman medical school of females 703 00:27:26,950 --> 00:27:24,799 because again that's a caring profession 704 00:27:29,430 --> 00:27:26,960 but there are so many 705 00:27:31,190 --> 00:27:29,440 engineering and computer science careers 706 00:27:34,149 --> 00:27:31,200 again where the largest discrepancy in 707 00:27:36,389 --> 00:27:34,159 males and females is now that have such 708 00:27:37,830 --> 00:27:36,399 relevance in fact increasing relevance 709 00:27:41,430 --> 00:27:37,840 to our 710 00:27:43,669 --> 00:27:41,440 everyday life and we as role models 711 00:27:47,269 --> 00:27:43,679 sally ride science in our job as 712 00:27:49,669 --> 00:27:47,279 training teachers we really have to um 713 00:27:52,389 --> 00:27:49,679 let parents and teachers know 714 00:27:53,430 --> 00:27:52,399 that the the careers out there now in 715 00:27:56,470 --> 00:27:53,440 stem 716 00:28:01,029 --> 00:27:56,480 are affecting um our all of our everyday 717 00:28:06,710 --> 00:28:03,909 um how can we help parents encourage 718 00:28:08,710 --> 00:28:06,720 girls to pursue stem from from a young 719 00:28:11,269 --> 00:28:08,720 age 720 00:28:12,950 --> 00:28:11,279 so i i think um 721 00:28:14,950 --> 00:28:12,960 most importantly 722 00:28:17,269 --> 00:28:14,960 um is 723 00:28:20,470 --> 00:28:17,279 provide them with 724 00:28:21,190 --> 00:28:20,480 examples and role models and it's got to 725 00:28:23,990 --> 00:28:21,200 be 726 00:28:25,669 --> 00:28:24,000 um we focus sally right science we focus 727 00:28:27,269 --> 00:28:25,679 on upper elementary and middle school 728 00:28:30,389 --> 00:28:27,279 students because 729 00:28:43,590 --> 00:28:30,399 you can't wait um you know and students 730 00:28:47,350 --> 00:28:44,950 okay for 731 00:28:50,549 --> 00:28:47,360 everyone do you feel it's easier for 732 00:28:55,909 --> 00:28:50,559 girls to pursue careers in stem now than 733 00:28:59,909 --> 00:28:58,470 well i'll say easier uh but i don't 734 00:29:02,549 --> 00:28:59,919 think it's easy 735 00:29:05,669 --> 00:29:02,559 enough yet i think there's still 736 00:29:06,470 --> 00:29:05,679 a lot of things that you know it that 737 00:29:08,630 --> 00:29:06,480 tell 738 00:29:09,430 --> 00:29:08,640 young girls um 739 00:29:14,549 --> 00:29:09,440 that 740 00:29:15,909 --> 00:29:14,559 mean i myself when i am given a talk to 741 00:29:17,830 --> 00:29:15,919 a school 742 00:29:19,750 --> 00:29:17,840 when i look around for questions at the 743 00:29:22,149 --> 00:29:19,760 end and i'm probably a little bit 744 00:29:23,510 --> 00:29:22,159 nervous and i mean you know i get i talk 745 00:29:25,430 --> 00:29:23,520 all the time at the same time there's 746 00:29:27,590 --> 00:29:25,440 just a certain kind of anxiousness and 747 00:29:28,789 --> 00:29:27,600 trying to do everything right and wonder 748 00:29:30,070 --> 00:29:28,799 what time it is and if you're supposed 749 00:29:32,230 --> 00:29:30,080 to be done all those things so i'm a 750 00:29:34,070 --> 00:29:32,240 little anxious and when i ask for 751 00:29:36,070 --> 00:29:34,080 questions it's the easiest thing in the 752 00:29:37,110 --> 00:29:36,080 world for me to pick the first hand that 753 00:29:40,470 --> 00:29:37,120 comes up 754 00:29:42,710 --> 00:29:40,480 and if i do that it is gonna be a boy 755 00:29:43,990 --> 00:29:42,720 i mean and and and as a speaker it's 756 00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:44,000 easier for me to say what's your 757 00:29:47,029 --> 00:29:45,360 question because there we went on to the 758 00:29:48,870 --> 00:29:47,039 next thing and i'm feeling more 759 00:29:51,909 --> 00:29:48,880 comfortable and so i have to force 760 00:29:53,510 --> 00:29:51,919 myself to just take a take a little time 761 00:29:55,510 --> 00:29:53,520 wait a little bit 762 00:29:57,110 --> 00:29:55,520 watch for those girls hands and and 763 00:29:58,870 --> 00:29:57,120 maybe i'll answer you know one question 764 00:30:00,789 --> 00:29:58,880 over here but i kind of look at somebody 765 00:30:02,870 --> 00:30:00,799 i can kind of tell has a question i look 766 00:30:05,269 --> 00:30:02,880 at them in an encouraging way and so i 767 00:30:08,389 --> 00:30:05,279 think for all of us all parents 768 00:30:10,149 --> 00:30:08,399 to try to just really keep your level of 769 00:30:12,789 --> 00:30:10,159 observation up in the you know 770 00:30:15,029 --> 00:30:12,799 monitoring your own behavior the times 771 00:30:16,789 --> 00:30:15,039 that you know you stereotypically 772 00:30:18,789 --> 00:30:16,799 you know give your daughter certain toys 773 00:30:20,070 --> 00:30:18,799 and your your son certain toys and i 774 00:30:21,750 --> 00:30:20,080 have a son so 775 00:30:25,990 --> 00:30:21,760 uh you know i have to kind of think 776 00:30:29,990 --> 00:30:27,269 sorry go ahead lori 777 00:30:31,590 --> 00:30:30,000 katie and i both only have sons and 778 00:30:33,990 --> 00:30:31,600 we've talked about that but i would like 779 00:30:36,149 --> 00:30:34,000 to think that it is better uh but we 780 00:30:38,389 --> 00:30:36,159 still have a ways to go i know in 1970s 781 00:30:41,110 --> 00:30:38,399 when i was in high school my mom really 782 00:30:43,430 --> 00:30:41,120 was upset when i got back to senior year 783 00:30:45,750 --> 00:30:43,440 in high school and the boys who'd 784 00:30:47,510 --> 00:30:45,760 finished the math had been arranged to 785 00:30:49,669 --> 00:30:47,520 go off to the local college to take 786 00:30:51,110 --> 00:30:49,679 calculus but no one had bothered to 787 00:30:52,870 --> 00:30:51,120 invite me to do the same even though i 788 00:30:54,950 --> 00:30:52,880 had also completed all my math you would 789 00:30:56,149 --> 00:30:54,960 hope that wouldn't happen today i'm not 790 00:30:59,509 --> 00:30:56,159 100 791 00:31:01,110 --> 00:30:59,519 convinced it wouldn't and i agree i 792 00:31:03,509 --> 00:31:01,120 think that there is a different standard 793 00:31:05,909 --> 00:31:03,519 even for me at the deputies council with 794 00:31:08,789 --> 00:31:05,919 all the other agencies 795 00:31:09,590 --> 00:31:08,799 here in the government a couple of women 796 00:31:10,470 --> 00:31:09,600 and 797 00:31:14,310 --> 00:31:10,480 we 798 00:31:16,230 --> 00:31:14,320 putting our hand up first and really 799 00:31:17,990 --> 00:31:16,240 trying to make a difference and i think 800 00:31:21,990 --> 00:31:18,000 more people do that the easier it will 801 00:31:25,750 --> 00:31:23,909 and i'd say i'd like to put in that i 802 00:31:27,590 --> 00:31:25,760 think there's two things that 803 00:31:30,870 --> 00:31:27,600 have made it easier and will continue to 804 00:31:33,350 --> 00:31:30,880 make it easier one is having women like 805 00:31:34,870 --> 00:31:33,360 lori to be honest and she won't she 806 00:31:37,669 --> 00:31:34,880 won't say it about herself so i'm going 807 00:31:39,750 --> 00:31:37,679 to say it about her that i every time i 808 00:31:40,950 --> 00:31:39,760 talk to somebody who's high up at nasa 809 00:31:42,630 --> 00:31:40,960 and i say i can't believe how 810 00:31:44,470 --> 00:31:42,640 encouraging you are 811 00:31:46,630 --> 00:31:44,480 uh let's see so for instance i just 812 00:31:48,230 --> 00:31:46,640 recently became pregnant and so now i'm 813 00:31:50,789 --> 00:31:48,240 asking all these questions about what 814 00:31:52,470 --> 00:31:50,799 i'm gonna do and you know and and every 815 00:31:54,789 --> 00:31:52,480 time i ask these questions i'm nervous 816 00:31:55,590 --> 00:31:54,799 going in and i'm so comfortable coming 817 00:31:57,590 --> 00:31:55,600 out 818 00:31:59,430 --> 00:31:57,600 and i will tell you that more than once 819 00:32:01,110 --> 00:31:59,440 people have said well it wasn't always 820 00:32:03,590 --> 00:32:01,120 like this but we have the management at 821 00:32:05,909 --> 00:32:03,600 the top that's making it easier for 822 00:32:07,750 --> 00:32:05,919 women to stay in these careers so i 823 00:32:09,190 --> 00:32:07,760 think there's a couple challenges it's 824 00:32:11,750 --> 00:32:09,200 getting girls interested when they're 825 00:32:13,669 --> 00:32:11,760 your age to be and then it's keeping 826 00:32:15,830 --> 00:32:13,679 them in there when they're my age and it 827 00:32:17,110 --> 00:32:15,840 comes time to decide about having 828 00:32:18,870 --> 00:32:17,120 children and 829 00:32:21,590 --> 00:32:18,880 child care and 830 00:32:22,389 --> 00:32:21,600 life just gets really complicated later 831 00:32:23,909 --> 00:32:22,399 in 832 00:32:25,509 --> 00:32:23,919 as we get older and we have to start 833 00:32:26,950 --> 00:32:25,519 making these decisions so i think 834 00:32:29,269 --> 00:32:26,960 there's two things so it's having women 835 00:32:31,029 --> 00:32:29,279 like lori up in those higher positions 836 00:32:34,630 --> 00:32:31,039 that are very supportive and telling the 837 00:32:36,950 --> 00:32:34,640 right people we need to provide x y and 838 00:32:39,669 --> 00:32:36,960 z the other thing i think 839 00:32:41,669 --> 00:32:39,679 matters is parents like yours so 840 00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:41,679 sydney's dad and the reason i know 841 00:32:45,990 --> 00:32:43,440 sydney so well is she was my mentee in 842 00:32:47,190 --> 00:32:46,000 the nasa girls program she mentioned 843 00:32:50,149 --> 00:32:47,200 and 844 00:32:52,789 --> 00:32:50,159 i have to say that your dad is just so 845 00:32:55,110 --> 00:32:52,799 supportive of putting and he has three 846 00:32:57,509 --> 00:32:55,120 daughters and putting all three of them 847 00:33:00,070 --> 00:32:57,519 and exposing them into these programs 848 00:33:02,630 --> 00:33:00,080 and programs that touch on all sorts of 849 00:33:04,389 --> 00:33:02,640 stem topics his oldest daughter just got 850 00:33:06,630 --> 00:33:04,399 into a program for computer science and 851 00:33:08,789 --> 00:33:06,640 i think it's fabulous and he did not 852 00:33:10,389 --> 00:33:08,799 have any hesitation in saying mom do you 853 00:33:12,470 --> 00:33:10,399 get to meet my daughter would you write 854 00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:12,480 her a recommendation letter and so i 855 00:33:15,509 --> 00:33:14,000 didn't she got into penn state and i 856 00:33:17,669 --> 00:33:15,519 just think it's taking 857 00:33:19,350 --> 00:33:17,679 taking that extra step so so i think 858 00:33:21,350 --> 00:33:19,360 parents like yours who 859 00:33:23,190 --> 00:33:21,360 who find those opportunities and put 860 00:33:24,630 --> 00:33:23,200 their daughters in those opportunities 861 00:33:27,110 --> 00:33:24,640 and something like what katie said you 862 00:33:27,990 --> 00:33:27,120 know being conscious of the choices we 863 00:33:30,230 --> 00:33:28,000 made 864 00:33:33,190 --> 00:33:30,240 for our daughters versus our sons and 865 00:33:36,789 --> 00:33:33,200 making it an equal choice 866 00:33:38,389 --> 00:33:36,799 yeah and he my dad also he put me and my 867 00:33:40,470 --> 00:33:38,399 sister in this program 868 00:33:42,549 --> 00:33:40,480 where you build lego robotics and i 869 00:33:44,710 --> 00:33:42,559 really like engineering so i really 870 00:33:47,110 --> 00:33:44,720 thank him for like pushing me into 871 00:33:48,070 --> 00:33:47,120 programs and like those 872 00:33:50,070 --> 00:33:48,080 yeah 873 00:33:52,389 --> 00:33:50,080 that's really great i was also gonna say 874 00:33:54,870 --> 00:33:52,399 um along those same lines is that i 875 00:33:57,669 --> 00:33:54,880 think it's so impaired important for 876 00:34:00,230 --> 00:33:57,679 parents just to encourage um that 877 00:34:02,789 --> 00:34:00,240 natural curiosity that kids have so i 878 00:34:04,789 --> 00:34:02,799 think um you know most kids most younger 879 00:34:06,389 --> 00:34:04,799 kids that i meet are just naturally 880 00:34:09,589 --> 00:34:06,399 curious about the world and that's 881 00:34:12,710 --> 00:34:09,599 exactly what stem is um and so i know 882 00:34:14,550 --> 00:34:12,720 for my personal case um i grew up in the 883 00:34:16,470 --> 00:34:14,560 middle of nowhere in arkansas neither 884 00:34:18,310 --> 00:34:16,480 one of my parents even went to college 885 00:34:19,349 --> 00:34:18,320 and so when i started you know talking 886 00:34:21,349 --> 00:34:19,359 about 887 00:34:23,510 --> 00:34:21,359 kind of you know going to nasa or 888 00:34:24,710 --> 00:34:23,520 becoming a scientist it was a little it 889 00:34:27,030 --> 00:34:24,720 was a little strange it was a little 890 00:34:29,750 --> 00:34:27,040 different it wasn't part of my um you 891 00:34:31,750 --> 00:34:29,760 know my family's past experience but 892 00:34:34,310 --> 00:34:31,760 my parents were always so very 893 00:34:36,069 --> 00:34:34,320 encouraging of my interests and so i 894 00:34:37,909 --> 00:34:36,079 think just that i mean it seems almost 895 00:34:40,550 --> 00:34:37,919 like a small thing but just that that 896 00:34:42,550 --> 00:34:40,560 kind of constant um reiteration that 897 00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:42,560 that your kids can do whatever they want 898 00:34:46,629 --> 00:34:44,800 to do and that um you know just 899 00:34:48,869 --> 00:34:46,639 encourage that natural curiosity that 900 00:34:52,310 --> 00:34:48,879 kids have can go such a long way and it 901 00:34:55,990 --> 00:34:54,869 along those lines i think that often 902 00:34:57,670 --> 00:34:56,000 um 903 00:34:59,670 --> 00:34:57,680 we think that if we would encourage 904 00:35:01,190 --> 00:34:59,680 girls you know if they see stem if we 905 00:35:02,870 --> 00:35:01,200 get them in the right place with stem or 906 00:35:04,870 --> 00:35:02,880 the right introduction that it you know 907 00:35:07,750 --> 00:35:04,880 that you can help with fixing things all 908 00:35:09,750 --> 00:35:07,760 those things that will happen but 909 00:35:12,230 --> 00:35:09,760 i think we also need to address the fact 910 00:35:14,150 --> 00:35:12,240 that these fields aren't easy for 911 00:35:15,430 --> 00:35:14,160 everybody in the same way it's not 912 00:35:16,390 --> 00:35:15,440 always going to be an easy thing i mean 913 00:35:18,870 --> 00:35:16,400 for example 914 00:35:20,550 --> 00:35:18,880 you know i i will confess openly i do it 915 00:35:22,870 --> 00:35:20,560 all the time that you know here i am a 916 00:35:26,069 --> 00:35:22,880 scientist i'm a polymer chemist and 917 00:35:28,310 --> 00:35:26,079 physics is is is hard for me i don't 918 00:35:29,829 --> 00:35:28,320 actually particularly like it okay but 919 00:35:32,069 --> 00:35:29,839 is it essential in what i do 920 00:35:34,150 --> 00:35:32,079 professionally you know it certainly is 921 00:35:35,990 --> 00:35:34,160 and i mean not only to that it's part of 922 00:35:37,990 --> 00:35:36,000 it but also that i really need to 923 00:35:40,950 --> 00:35:38,000 evaluate things using a reasonable 924 00:35:42,550 --> 00:35:40,960 working knowledge of physics and so does 925 00:35:45,190 --> 00:35:42,560 that mean that physics isn't for me just 926 00:35:47,190 --> 00:35:45,200 because it's hard for me it no it means 927 00:35:48,870 --> 00:35:47,200 that i have to take more time 928 00:35:51,030 --> 00:35:48,880 i have to realize that just because i 929 00:35:53,990 --> 00:35:51,040 have more questions or i need five 930 00:35:56,069 --> 00:35:54,000 explanations or i have to do all of the 931 00:35:58,790 --> 00:35:56,079 homework problems not just the first few 932 00:36:01,670 --> 00:35:58,800 that convince me yeah yeah i can do this 933 00:36:04,470 --> 00:36:01,680 and so i think addressing that in uh 934 00:36:06,790 --> 00:36:04,480 especially in girls where it doesn't 935 00:36:08,390 --> 00:36:06,800 automatically take off for them and just 936 00:36:09,990 --> 00:36:08,400 because it does it's not automatic or 937 00:36:12,710 --> 00:36:10,000 intuitive for them doesn't mean that 938 00:36:14,470 --> 00:36:12,720 they don't need it because you know it's 939 00:36:15,990 --> 00:36:14,480 it's a part of lots of different kinds 940 00:36:17,670 --> 00:36:16,000 of solutions and 941 00:36:20,630 --> 00:36:17,680 and i think that we're all going to have 942 00:36:22,790 --> 00:36:20,640 to be learning new things all the time 943 00:36:24,470 --> 00:36:22,800 that's such a good point because i i 944 00:36:26,630 --> 00:36:24,480 hear from a lot of teachers that a lot 945 00:36:28,470 --> 00:36:26,640 of the girls in their classes 946 00:36:30,550 --> 00:36:28,480 say that they're they don't want to take 947 00:36:32,150 --> 00:36:30,560 the higher math classes or even the 948 00:36:33,990 --> 00:36:32,160 physics class because they know that 949 00:36:36,310 --> 00:36:34,000 they're hard and they feel that they're 950 00:36:37,750 --> 00:36:36,320 harder for them than their the boys in 951 00:36:40,310 --> 00:36:37,760 the class and 952 00:36:42,230 --> 00:36:40,320 i think we as parents and and educators 953 00:36:44,630 --> 00:36:42,240 really the whole thing about effort 954 00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:44,640 equals performance and sally when she 955 00:36:49,270 --> 00:36:47,040 gave talks she used to tell students 956 00:36:50,630 --> 00:36:49,280 how hard she had to work that it didn't 957 00:36:53,349 --> 00:36:50,640 come easy to her and it's a 958 00:36:55,349 --> 00:36:53,359 misconception again that only the the 959 00:36:57,589 --> 00:36:55,359 brightest of the bright can actually 960 00:37:00,150 --> 00:36:57,599 choose to go into 961 00:37:03,030 --> 00:37:00,160 science or math it's just like sports 962 00:37:04,950 --> 00:37:03,040 there's all people of all abilities and 963 00:37:07,750 --> 00:37:04,960 or playing music you have to practice 964 00:37:09,270 --> 00:37:07,760 practice practice and train train train 965 00:37:11,349 --> 00:37:09,280 and that's where you get results it's 966 00:37:16,550 --> 00:37:11,359 the same thing with 967 00:37:21,510 --> 00:37:19,750 this next question is from twitter user 968 00:37:23,430 --> 00:37:21,520 aderine l 969 00:37:25,670 --> 00:37:23,440 what are your thoughts on adult women 970 00:37:30,390 --> 00:37:25,680 with math degrees looking for a career 971 00:37:34,790 --> 00:37:32,790 this is to anyone 972 00:37:36,390 --> 00:37:34,800 well for careers at nasa i would 973 00:37:38,069 --> 00:37:36,400 definitely as 974 00:37:40,950 --> 00:37:38,079 i said i encourage non-stem but 975 00:37:43,030 --> 00:37:40,960 primarily we are hiring uh people in the 976 00:37:45,910 --> 00:37:43,040 stem fields just looking at our data 977 00:37:48,390 --> 00:37:45,920 even though we have a flat budget at 978 00:37:50,390 --> 00:37:48,400 best these days uh we have about a 979 00:37:51,990 --> 00:37:50,400 thousand new hires a year 980 00:37:54,870 --> 00:37:52,000 and right now again i just happen to 981 00:37:58,470 --> 00:37:54,880 look at the data we have 37 percent of 982 00:38:01,190 --> 00:37:58,480 those uh have have been women we need to 983 00:38:03,190 --> 00:38:01,200 increase that and 984 00:38:05,270 --> 00:38:03,200 largest percentage of those are in stem 985 00:38:06,790 --> 00:38:05,280 fields so i'd really encourage 986 00:38:09,589 --> 00:38:06,800 people to look at 987 00:38:11,589 --> 00:38:09,599 nasa as a career at any 988 00:38:14,310 --> 00:38:11,599 age or level we definitely have 989 00:38:16,950 --> 00:38:14,320 throughout our centers where we have 990 00:38:19,510 --> 00:38:16,960 space science earth science human space 991 00:38:23,270 --> 00:38:19,520 flight aeronautics uh across the country 992 00:38:24,790 --> 00:38:23,280 and uh so i i would definitely um 993 00:38:26,870 --> 00:38:24,800 recommend at all all levels and 994 00:38:28,630 --> 00:38:26,880 certainly within that degree uh to apply 995 00:38:30,950 --> 00:38:28,640 to work at nasa 996 00:38:32,950 --> 00:38:30,960 and just tagging on to what lori said um 997 00:38:34,950 --> 00:38:32,960 anyone who's interested in a career at 998 00:38:37,230 --> 00:38:34,960 nasa and particularly around your age 999 00:38:39,910 --> 00:38:37,240 high school college can look at 1000 00:38:42,150 --> 00:38:39,920 women.nasa.gov and there is a link that 1001 00:38:48,870 --> 00:38:42,160 is for careers and internships and that 1002 00:38:53,510 --> 00:38:51,589 dr coleman like sally are there any 1003 00:38:56,150 --> 00:38:53,520 challenges that you overcome in your 1004 00:38:59,349 --> 00:38:58,150 well i would say like everyone on the 1005 00:39:01,190 --> 00:38:59,359 panel 1006 00:39:03,589 --> 00:39:01,200 um yes there are just because we all 1007 00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:03,599 have really you know we have big goals 1008 00:39:07,510 --> 00:39:05,440 and i think all of us probably have 1009 00:39:08,870 --> 00:39:07,520 things that come easily to us and things 1010 00:39:10,470 --> 00:39:08,880 that do not 1011 00:39:12,829 --> 00:39:10,480 and and things that maybe do not just 1012 00:39:15,750 --> 00:39:12,839 because of the environment 1013 00:39:18,310 --> 00:39:15,760 um you know i think working in an 1014 00:39:20,390 --> 00:39:18,320 environment where it's mostly mostly 1015 00:39:22,230 --> 00:39:20,400 guys where sometimes the things that 1016 00:39:23,750 --> 00:39:22,240 they value the things that they promote 1017 00:39:26,310 --> 00:39:23,760 people for the things that they think 1018 00:39:28,150 --> 00:39:26,320 highly of are not always the things that 1019 00:39:30,069 --> 00:39:28,160 um you know maybe you bring to the table 1020 00:39:31,750 --> 00:39:30,079 and at the same time eventually they 1021 00:39:34,230 --> 00:39:31,760 kind of go wow katie really made that 1022 00:39:37,109 --> 00:39:34,240 work so you know i i think it all kind 1023 00:39:38,310 --> 00:39:37,119 of works out um sometimes the physical 1024 00:39:39,589 --> 00:39:38,320 challenges 1025 00:39:41,270 --> 00:39:39,599 what i encourage people to think about 1026 00:39:43,510 --> 00:39:41,280 like for example in the space suit i'm 1027 00:39:45,829 --> 00:39:43,520 the smallest person that is qualified 1028 00:39:48,310 --> 00:39:45,839 and on the spacesuit team so to speak i 1029 00:39:50,150 --> 00:39:48,320 had a suit up there on the space station 1030 00:39:52,710 --> 00:39:50,160 unfortunately did not get to go out and 1031 00:39:55,190 --> 00:39:52,720 use it much to my dismay we always hoped 1032 00:39:57,829 --> 00:39:55,200 for something like really expensive but 1033 00:39:59,670 --> 00:39:57,839 not dangerous to break you know 1034 00:40:01,990 --> 00:39:59,680 anyways but that didn't happen but i was 1035 00:40:05,109 --> 00:40:02,000 really proud to be on that team 1036 00:40:07,430 --> 00:40:05,119 mostly because um it is it's a it's a 1037 00:40:10,309 --> 00:40:07,440 pretty physically large suit and 1038 00:40:12,230 --> 00:40:10,319 involves some strength but 1039 00:40:13,670 --> 00:40:12,240 at a certain point it actually just 1040 00:40:15,670 --> 00:40:13,680 involves your head 1041 00:40:19,430 --> 00:40:15,680 and understanding what your body is 1042 00:40:21,670 --> 00:40:19,440 doing and if you're a big strong person 1043 00:40:22,790 --> 00:40:21,680 okay who really fills up that suit 1044 00:40:24,550 --> 00:40:22,800 there's some things that are going to 1045 00:40:26,550 --> 00:40:24,560 come more easily to you 1046 00:40:28,790 --> 00:40:26,560 and as a smaller person that has some of 1047 00:40:31,030 --> 00:40:28,800 those challenges basically i would make 1048 00:40:33,109 --> 00:40:31,040 sure i did all my head work before i got 1049 00:40:34,550 --> 00:40:33,119 into the swimming pool to be practicing 1050 00:40:36,470 --> 00:40:34,560 or in the position where we'd be doing 1051 00:40:38,870 --> 00:40:36,480 on the space station i've gone through 1052 00:40:39,990 --> 00:40:38,880 every step of that procedure so that i 1053 00:40:41,750 --> 00:40:40,000 don't really have to think about 1054 00:40:43,430 --> 00:40:41,760 anything i have to i can focus on the 1055 00:40:44,870 --> 00:40:43,440 part of it that might be more difficult 1056 00:40:46,630 --> 00:40:44,880 to me which is 1057 00:40:48,790 --> 00:40:46,640 you know physically grabbing it or 1058 00:40:51,349 --> 00:40:48,800 grabbing it with both hands and being 1059 00:40:53,109 --> 00:40:51,359 able to reach and you know those kinds 1060 00:40:55,750 --> 00:40:53,119 of physical things so 1061 00:40:58,470 --> 00:40:55,760 when things are challenging i encourage 1062 00:41:00,790 --> 00:40:58,480 people to just open your eyes and really 1063 00:41:03,349 --> 00:41:00,800 look and see you know what are the 1064 00:41:06,470 --> 00:41:03,359 things that you bring to this difficult 1065 00:41:08,470 --> 00:41:06,480 situation even if it is just how to get 1066 00:41:10,870 --> 00:41:08,480 the help that you need in order to get 1067 00:41:12,790 --> 00:41:10,880 the goal done for the team 1068 00:41:14,790 --> 00:41:12,800 so i just have to add on with that suit 1069 00:41:16,230 --> 00:41:14,800 discussion katie you and i don't think 1070 00:41:17,510 --> 00:41:16,240 have had this but 1071 00:41:18,790 --> 00:41:17,520 uh if 1072 00:41:21,589 --> 00:41:18,800 hopefully i would like to think if 1073 00:41:22,790 --> 00:41:21,599 somewhere like me were in my job 20 1074 00:41:25,430 --> 00:41:22,800 years ago you wouldn't have had to 1075 00:41:28,069 --> 00:41:25,440 overcome that challenge as much we had a 1076 00:41:30,710 --> 00:41:28,079 sad tale with us with the suits in the 1077 00:41:33,190 --> 00:41:30,720 sense that i think we're talking about 1078 00:41:35,190 --> 00:41:33,200 challenges we have to overcome 1079 00:41:38,470 --> 00:41:35,200 and maybe hopefully some unintended 1080 00:41:40,470 --> 00:41:38,480 consequences when nasa had to limit the 1081 00:41:42,550 --> 00:41:40,480 types of suits we had the sizes of suits 1082 00:41:43,829 --> 00:41:42,560 we were just going to do medium and then 1083 00:41:45,510 --> 00:41:43,839 of course we're going to do medium and 1084 00:41:48,069 --> 00:41:45,520 large and then we threw in the extra 1085 00:41:49,510 --> 00:41:48,079 large but we never made the small suits 1086 00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:49,520 and let's see who was making the 1087 00:41:53,829 --> 00:41:51,920 decisions at those times for the larger 1088 00:41:57,430 --> 00:41:53,839 males and what we left off were 1089 00:41:59,670 --> 00:41:57,440 population of primarily females who then 1090 00:42:01,430 --> 00:41:59,680 now are limited when they they can't go 1091 00:42:02,870 --> 00:42:01,440 to space because you have to be trained 1092 00:42:04,710 --> 00:42:02,880 in the suit to go to space and you have 1093 00:42:07,589 --> 00:42:04,720 to fit the suit and i knew i learned 1094 00:42:09,510 --> 00:42:07,599 about katie uh as the smallest person 1095 00:42:10,870 --> 00:42:09,520 who fit the suit and that must have been 1096 00:42:12,790 --> 00:42:10,880 a huge challenge and i would like to 1097 00:42:14,870 --> 00:42:12,800 think that we would not make that 1098 00:42:17,109 --> 00:42:14,880 decision today and i have to tell one 1099 00:42:19,750 --> 00:42:17,119 little story edward teller actually said 1100 00:42:21,349 --> 00:42:19,760 once he was asked whether or not women 1101 00:42:23,510 --> 00:42:21,359 should go to space 1102 00:42:25,030 --> 00:42:23,520 he thought about it and he said he 1103 00:42:28,550 --> 00:42:25,040 answered that 1104 00:42:31,109 --> 00:42:28,560 yes only women should go to space more 1105 00:42:33,910 --> 00:42:31,119 brains per pound 1106 00:42:36,309 --> 00:42:33,920 and i would just say that both for dr 1107 00:42:39,109 --> 00:42:36,319 coleman and for dr ryde that would 1108 00:42:42,950 --> 00:42:39,119 really be the truth that is some uh 1109 00:42:44,790 --> 00:42:42,960 mighty brains packed into a little frame 1110 00:42:46,550 --> 00:42:44,800 well and it's nice to see in actually 1111 00:42:48,550 --> 00:42:46,560 the you know the new suit development 1112 00:42:51,109 --> 00:42:48,560 that we're doing for going on to the 1113 00:42:53,349 --> 00:42:51,119 moon asteroids mars and we're doing a 1114 00:42:55,670 --> 00:42:53,359 lot of looking at you know what does a 1115 00:42:57,510 --> 00:42:55,680 spacesuit really mean like right now one 1116 00:42:59,270 --> 00:42:57,520 of those concepts that we have is a sort 1117 00:43:01,829 --> 00:42:59,280 of a big balloon that really protects 1118 00:43:03,109 --> 00:43:01,839 you um and yet there's other ways to do 1119 00:43:04,950 --> 00:43:03,119 that where you have maybe something 1120 00:43:06,710 --> 00:43:04,960 closer to the skin something that might 1121 00:43:08,309 --> 00:43:06,720 fit people differently i mean we're 1122 00:43:10,630 --> 00:43:08,319 really looking at a lot of different 1123 00:43:12,710 --> 00:43:10,640 concepts and being more 1124 00:43:15,589 --> 00:43:12,720 inclusive and in fact there's some 1125 00:43:17,589 --> 00:43:15,599 pretty neat spacesuit design done at mit 1126 00:43:19,829 --> 00:43:17,599 by dr david newman that's been in the 1127 00:43:21,990 --> 00:43:19,839 news a bit the biosuit i mean i'm not 1128 00:43:23,670 --> 00:43:22,000 saying it in any way that that is a way 1129 00:43:26,309 --> 00:43:23,680 that nasa is going we are looking at a 1130 00:43:28,230 --> 00:43:26,319 lot of different things but you know as 1131 00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:28,240 you said you know if someone like you 1132 00:43:31,750 --> 00:43:29,680 was in the position of making those 1133 00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:31,760 decisions long ago they might be 1134 00:43:35,990 --> 00:43:33,520 different and i feel like we do have 1135 00:43:37,109 --> 00:43:36,000 women in the workforce in in those 1136 00:43:39,270 --> 00:43:37,119 positions 1137 00:43:40,630 --> 00:43:39,280 getting to help remind everybody what 1138 00:43:43,990 --> 00:43:40,640 the consequences of some of those 1139 00:43:45,670 --> 00:43:44,000 decisions are so we're working at it 1140 00:43:48,470 --> 00:43:45,680 so that just means by the time sydney's 1141 00:43:53,589 --> 00:43:48,480 there we'll be good 1142 00:43:58,230 --> 00:43:56,230 for our final question i would like i 1143 00:44:00,150 --> 00:43:58,240 would like to ask everyone on the panel 1144 00:44:02,390 --> 00:44:00,160 for their final words of advice you 1145 00:44:08,550 --> 00:44:02,400 would give to students like me as we go 1146 00:44:12,790 --> 00:44:10,870 i i'd like to start by 1147 00:44:15,990 --> 00:44:12,800 saying something that close to what 1148 00:44:18,309 --> 00:44:16,000 sally sally had a phrase that was always 1149 00:44:20,390 --> 00:44:18,319 reach for the stars that's how she ended 1150 00:44:22,630 --> 00:44:20,400 up her conversations with students and 1151 00:44:26,390 --> 00:44:22,640 particularly girls and 1152 00:44:30,470 --> 00:44:26,400 i would just would like to say that 1153 00:44:32,390 --> 00:44:30,480 if you truly have a passion or desire um 1154 00:44:33,750 --> 00:44:32,400 fight hard to 1155 00:44:37,990 --> 00:44:33,760 to 1156 00:44:40,630 --> 00:44:38,000 in the way because there definitely will 1157 00:44:42,950 --> 00:44:40,640 be barriers um for girls there's various 1158 00:44:44,069 --> 00:44:42,960 for girls there's barriers for boys but 1159 00:44:50,870 --> 00:44:44,079 um 1160 00:44:52,630 --> 00:44:50,880 it it will pay off 1161 00:44:54,630 --> 00:44:52,640 i would agree with karen that's 1162 00:44:56,309 --> 00:44:54,640 something i think all of us have 1163 00:44:59,190 --> 00:44:56,319 experienced and i would say in 1164 00:45:01,589 --> 00:44:59,200 particular for girls going in that um 1165 00:45:04,230 --> 00:45:01,599 really challenge yourself you are going 1166 00:45:06,550 --> 00:45:04,240 to be surprised at how much you can 1167 00:45:08,069 --> 00:45:06,560 accomplish and a lot of people have 1168 00:45:09,430 --> 00:45:08,079 asked if this was my dream job and i 1169 00:45:12,950 --> 00:45:09,440 would say i would have never ever 1170 00:45:16,150 --> 00:45:12,960 dreamed of having this job so really 1171 00:45:18,550 --> 00:45:16,160 reach higher as we'd like to say 1172 00:45:21,190 --> 00:45:18,560 i completely uh agree with that um 1173 00:45:22,790 --> 00:45:21,200 working at nasa and the the we do big 1174 00:45:25,030 --> 00:45:22,800 awesome things and those things are 1175 00:45:26,790 --> 00:45:25,040 often very very hard so you don't want 1176 00:45:30,069 --> 00:45:26,800 to minimize you know the challenges that 1177 00:45:31,750 --> 00:45:30,079 you'll face in a challenging job but but 1178 00:45:33,829 --> 00:45:31,760 that's part of what's so fun about it 1179 00:45:35,670 --> 00:45:33,839 you know um girls are every bit as smart 1180 00:45:38,710 --> 00:45:35,680 as boys and can do all those really 1181 00:45:41,030 --> 00:45:38,720 challenging hard jobs as well so um yeah 1182 00:45:42,790 --> 00:45:41,040 just to echo uh the last couple of 1183 00:45:45,349 --> 00:45:42,800 speakers is just embrace those 1184 00:45:47,589 --> 00:45:45,359 challenges and um be good at them you 1185 00:45:49,430 --> 00:45:47,599 know um and then my second big piece of 1186 00:45:52,309 --> 00:45:49,440 advice and this was really important for 1187 00:45:54,790 --> 00:45:52,319 me is to find mentors all along the way 1188 00:45:56,950 --> 00:45:54,800 in high school in college um if you go 1189 00:45:59,190 --> 00:45:56,960 to grad school you know find someone who 1190 00:46:01,190 --> 00:45:59,200 has done what you want to do and get 1191 00:46:03,190 --> 00:46:01,200 them to be your cheerleader and get them 1192 00:46:06,230 --> 00:46:03,200 to to help you that's been one of the 1193 00:46:07,670 --> 00:46:06,240 most key pieces of 1194 00:46:09,670 --> 00:46:07,680 advice that i received when i was 1195 00:46:11,190 --> 00:46:09,680 younger and that i've been very 1196 00:46:12,870 --> 00:46:11,200 fortunate to have been able to have 1197 00:46:14,790 --> 00:46:12,880 really excellent mentors all along the 1198 00:46:16,550 --> 00:46:14,800 way and nasa obviously has a lot of 1199 00:46:19,270 --> 00:46:16,560 really great programs like the nasa 1200 00:46:21,430 --> 00:46:19,280 girls program and others that are set up 1201 00:46:24,230 --> 00:46:21,440 in order to provide those mentorship 1202 00:46:26,069 --> 00:46:24,240 opportunities so that's very important 1203 00:46:30,150 --> 00:46:26,079 and mindset mine's a great follow-up to 1204 00:46:33,030 --> 00:46:30,160 amber i would say don't be afraid to ask 1205 00:46:35,910 --> 00:46:33,040 whatever you do i think oftentimes we 1206 00:46:37,670 --> 00:46:35,920 more so than boys are afraid to ask 1207 00:46:39,510 --> 00:46:37,680 because we're afraid that 1208 00:46:41,589 --> 00:46:39,520 it may not be the right question or will 1209 00:46:43,270 --> 00:46:41,599 inconvenience somebody or you know 1210 00:46:45,109 --> 00:46:43,280 something like that but don't be afraid 1211 00:46:47,829 --> 00:46:45,119 to ask you can ask your mom and dad you 1212 00:46:50,790 --> 00:46:47,839 can ask any mentor you've been around 1213 00:46:53,109 --> 00:46:50,800 you can ask your teachers your neighbors 1214 00:46:55,109 --> 00:46:53,119 anybody who you think could help you and 1215 00:46:57,349 --> 00:46:55,119 even if that person can't help you 1216 00:46:59,190 --> 00:46:57,359 you'll probably know somebody who can so 1217 00:47:01,910 --> 00:46:59,200 i think it's even at your age you can 1218 00:47:03,510 --> 00:47:01,920 build what we call your network 1219 00:47:05,910 --> 00:47:03,520 so i think it's very important to be 1220 00:47:08,150 --> 00:47:05,920 sure you ask 1221 00:47:09,750 --> 00:47:08,160 i mean i agree i mean your questions 1222 00:47:11,910 --> 00:47:09,760 whatever they are 1223 00:47:14,309 --> 00:47:11,920 they're good questions and you should 1224 00:47:15,829 --> 00:47:14,319 ask them you should figure out what kind 1225 00:47:16,630 --> 00:47:15,839 of help you need 1226 00:47:18,950 --> 00:47:16,640 which 1227 00:47:19,910 --> 00:47:18,960 probably wouldn't include a mentor but i 1228 00:47:22,710 --> 00:47:19,920 would 1229 00:47:25,670 --> 00:47:22,720 widen it to you know what do i need and 1230 00:47:27,190 --> 00:47:25,680 how can i ask for that how can i arrange 1231 00:47:29,270 --> 00:47:27,200 to get the things i need because i am a 1232 00:47:31,030 --> 00:47:29,280 resource and i am part of the future you 1233 00:47:32,950 --> 00:47:31,040 should look in the mirror and realize 1234 00:47:34,950 --> 00:47:32,960 that the things you need the things you 1235 00:47:35,750 --> 00:47:34,960 want the things you want to know you 1236 00:47:37,589 --> 00:47:35,760 know 1237 00:47:39,510 --> 00:47:37,599 you you need to get those things because 1238 00:47:40,790 --> 00:47:39,520 you are part of the future 1239 00:47:42,390 --> 00:47:40,800 um and then i'll just actually quote 1240 00:47:45,030 --> 00:47:42,400 someone who's i don't remember her name 1241 00:47:47,109 --> 00:47:45,040 but i was on a really neat uh nasa stem 1242 00:47:51,109 --> 00:47:47,119 panel with the chief engineer from 1243 00:47:53,910 --> 00:47:51,119 facebook and she said fail and fail 1244 00:47:55,910 --> 00:47:53,920 often and i really loved that because 1245 00:47:57,270 --> 00:47:55,920 you know we tend to think that in 1246 00:47:59,430 --> 00:47:57,280 achieving you know going for these 1247 00:48:01,030 --> 00:47:59,440 challenges that we're gonna succeed and 1248 00:48:03,589 --> 00:48:01,040 if you succeed all the time you might 1249 00:48:05,670 --> 00:48:03,599 actually not be reaching high enough 1250 00:48:10,309 --> 00:48:05,680 it's okay to fail because we're doing 1251 00:48:14,470 --> 00:48:12,309 to the entire panel thank you for having 1252 00:48:16,150 --> 00:48:14,480 this conversation with me 1253 00:48:18,790 --> 00:48:16,160 and thank you for celebrating the life 1254 00:48:19,589 --> 00:48:18,800 and legacy of a true pioneer dr sally 1255 00:48:21,910 --> 00:48:19,599 wright ride 1256 00:48:23,589 --> 00:48:21,920 ironically today is also the anniversary 1257 00:48:26,150 --> 00:48:23,599 of commander 1258 00:48:29,190 --> 00:48:26,160 collins flight as the first female space 1259 00:48:30,230 --> 00:48:29,200 shuttle commander in 1999. how exciting 1260 00:48:31,910 --> 00:48:30,240 is that 1261 00:48:33,589 --> 00:48:31,920 we have many reasons to celebrate that 1262 00:48:35,510 --> 00:48:33,599 women have done 1263 00:48:36,870 --> 00:48:35,520 so girls like me can do whatever you 1264 00:48:38,630 --> 00:48:36,880 want to do 1265 00:48:40,790 --> 00:48:38,640 before we leave i wanted to tell 1266 00:48:43,190 --> 00:48:40,800 everyone about a resource page at 1267 00:48:45,670 --> 00:48:43,200 woman.nasa.gov 1268 00:48:48,150 --> 00:48:45,680 outreach visit this page for programs 1269 00:48:50,150 --> 00:48:48,160 and other information for students i am 1270 00:48:52,390 --> 00:48:50,160 honored to represent nasa girls today 1271 00:48:54,309 --> 00:48:52,400 and i hope someday i can be an engineer